
Reading Richard Dawkins’ latest book – the
Ancestor’s Tale – has introduced me to a lot of ideas (should they be
called "ideas" since they’ve pretty much accepted by all but the most
committed Harry Potter burning fundamentalists?) about genetics. One
question which came up recently in a BBCi news article was about the so
called gay gene. Does it exist? What are the implications if it does?
A worryingly short period
of time ago homosexuality was considered by many to be a disease. A
treatable disease which required sufferers to be shipped off to special
sanatoriums (sanatoria?) where they would be shown pictures of naked
women, read specially selected passages from the Bible, have electrodes
attached to their genitals and generally taught not to be queer. Gay
pressure groups denounced this practice and told the world that
homosexuality wasn’t a disease, it was a way of life.
Now
they are swapping sides. It’s weird but true. The anti-gay factions are
denouncing homosexuality as a mere lifestyle choice while the pro- lobby
says it is genetic. They carry around placards like the one shown as they
march against homophobia. I’m troubled by this stance. I’m troubled by the
claims of supposedly well meaning people that being gay isn’t a choice.
Not because I think it IS a choice but because the implication is "I’m gay
– I don’t want to be, I didn’t ask to be but I’m stuck with it". You could
also add "At least it gives me something to be really grumpy about so I
suppose that’s one thing in its favour" and smutty comedians would close
with "But generally it’s a pain in the arse."
That then brings up the
question "What is a choice?" On the simple level a choice is deciding
between two or more things. But that covers everything from whether you
put on a coat or not on a gloomy day to whether you press the nuclear
button and condemn the world to a radioactive death. Sometimes it’s not
that simple – do you take sugar in your coffee? Some people cannot or will
not drink coffee without, others live in fear of having to drink coffee
with. Is that a choice or not? Smoking cigarettes is choice but you ask a
smoker whether they choose to smoke and their answer will very possibly be
different than if you asked them whether they could stop.
Is being vegetarian a
choice? Do I choose not to eat meat because I don’t like it or because I
have a deep rooted aversion to it? Is an ethical decision like that a
choice? I could go to McDonalds tomorrow and have a double cheese burger
(or could I? That might be Burger King – it’s been a good while since I
darkened either of their doors). But I don’t want to. I just am
vegetarian. It feels right and I know I look at it differently from the
majority of people. This isn’t simply a case of taking black and white
facts and picking either option A or option B. Other people, in my
experience, simply don’t understand how I feel about it which suggests
there is more to the matter than simply reason and logic.
Some would say that a gay
gene is impossible as gay people don’t (on the whole) reproduce therefore
the gene would die out. Genes are funny things. Did you know that you
could, theoretically, have absolutely no genetic inheritance from a
relative as close as a grandparent? Each parent gives you half of your
genes so supposing your father gives you a half made up entirely of the
half he got from his mother then your paternal grandfather’s genes would
be entirely absent. This is, of course, highly unlikely but it shows that
genes can move in mysterious ways.
Not to mention that
homosexuality has, throughout history, been even more persecuted than it
is today. Most just ignored their "unnatural" feelings and got on with the
business of marriage and breeding. And genes can lay dormant in one
generation and spring into life in the next. So the concept of a gay gene
isn’t as silly as it first sounds.
Some would ask what purpose
a gay gene would have. After all, Dawkins describes living beings as
simply vessels to carry and reproduce genes. Why would a gene which would
defeat the purpose of genes be brought into existence? One answer could be
population control. Survival dictates than the population is kept at a
level which doesn’t endanger the whole by exceeding the resources
available. If, say, ten percent of the workforce can live productive lives
whilst not adding to the growing population then that is to the advantage
of the whole.
The implications of a gay
gene are more worrying. If a gene can be identified and understood then it
can be modified or even eliminated. At the moment, the best a doctor can
do is tell prospective parents whether the foetus looks a bit poofy or
whether it’s decorated the womb in a worryingly stylish fashion. They can
then recommend that the mother listens to lots of Metallica or
Guns’n’Roses (though not Judas Priest) and that it be exposed to lots of
talk about football and beer. In the future we could see parents aborting
because their baby is going to be gay. Don’t think it will happen? Think
again. It may not be legal in our civilised countries but there are parts
of the world where female children are killed by parents who want only
sons. Marriage is still a currency around the world and I somehow don’t
think they’ll solve the problem by legalising gay marriage.
One day we’ll know for sure
whether there really is a gay gene. It’s something that will always get
scientists publicity and scientists like publicity. So they’ll carry on
researching and posing for photographs with test tubes. But the issue of
choice still bothers me. I prefer to think of it as comparable to falling
in love. Is falling in love with a particular person decided by your
genes? Probably not (though there are no doubt scientists with test tubes
and practiced smiles who will mumble something about pheromones and such
like determining who you will fall in love with). Is falling in love with
a particular person decided by you? Not consciously. So there must be a
third factor somewhere between genes and conscious decision making. It is
this third realm that decides whether we are gay or straight, vegetarian
or carnivore, sugar takers or non-sugar takers. It decides the things that
we "know" or "feel" are right or wrong, true or false without us having to
weigh up the facts.
And people change. I really
do believe that. The standard bigot line was that lesbians just haven’t
met the right bloke yet. That is a crude and ignorant viewpoint to hold
because it assumes it is true in every case. But equally ignorant is the
idea that a lesbian who does find the right man is somehow a traitor to
the cause. In an ideal world of course everyone would be relaxed and
groovy enough to be whatever felt right at the time. Minds and hearts
wouldn’t be closed to other possibilities. In the meantime let’s just try
to ignore the extremists on both sides and be as relaxed and groovy as
possible. |